Example, readh 2 numbers and find the sum, difference, product and quotient
bash
read X
read Y
echo $((X+Y))
echo $((X-Y))
echo $((X*Y))
echo $((X/Y))
sh
read X
read Y
echo `expr $X + $Y`
echo `expr $X - $Y`
expr `expr $X \* $Y` (note that * is special i.e. wildcard character, hence need to be escaped with backslash)
expr `expr $X \/ $Y` (note that / is special i.e. wildcard character, hence need to be escaped with backslash)